Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Email: pvenkat3 hfhs. Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, with long-term debilitating effects. Accumulating evidence from experimental studies as well as observational studies in patients suggests a cross talk between the brain and kidney after stroke.
Stroke may lead to kidney dysfunction which can adversely impact patient outcome. In this review article, we discuss the epidemiology and mechanisms of brain—kidney interaction following ischemic stroke.
Specifically, we discuss the role of the central autonomic network, autoregulation, inflammatory and immune responses, the role of extracellular vesicles and their cargo microRNA, in mediating brain—kidney interaction following stroke. Understanding the bidirectional nature of interaction between the brain and kidney after cerebral injury would have clinical implications for the treatment of stroke and overall patient outcome.
Keywords: Acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, extracellular vesicles, immune response, ischemic stroke. The brain and kidney act in concert to maintain normal homeostasis of the extracellular fluid by controlling sodium and water balance. Both organs exhibit several common physiological characteristics: first, the kidney and brain are highly perfused organs and are exposed to a relatively large volume of blood flow during the cardiac cycle; second, with variations in arterial blood pressure, both the brain and kidney strive to maintain constant perfusion via autoregulation; and third, there is hemodynamic parallelism between the vascular beds of the two organs.
Chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension are high risk factors for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertensive nephropathy. While these common physiological characteristics set the stage for an exploration of how the brain and kidney are inextricably linked under normal and disease states, it is likely that the complex interactions between the brain and kidney transcend these shared characteristics and risk factors.
