The World Health Organization defines a disease outbreak based on the number of cases being in excess of normal expectations.
Similar to an epidemic, an outbreak typically refers to a more limited geographic area. Declaring an outbreak enables prompt public health response measures and mobilises domestic and international resources to respond to the crisis.
The island nation is a major hub for drug trafficking to Australia and New Zealand, contributing to an upsurge in drug use. Preliminary Ministry of Health data show half of the newly diagnosed individuals receiving anti-retroviral therapy contracted HIV through injecting drugs.
However, the crisis extends beyond drug use. Increasing urbanisation, homelessness and unemployment, coupled with disconnection from traditional land and culture, contribute to risky health behaviours.
Many Fijians express concern that eroding family values are driving this behaviour, with reports of children as young as eight using drugs, engaging in prostitution or begging. Low HIV awareness and social stigma compound these factors. Many Fijians are reluctant to get tested and, if positive, to receive care.
