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Violence against female sex workers FSWs perpetrated by their intimate i. Stigma can deplete the economic resources, social relationships, and mental well-being of stigmatized people, which may increase their intimate partner violence IPV risk. Potential association mechanisms, including increased economic vulnerability and social isolation, and programmatic responses are discussed.
Violence victimization is associated with a host of adverse physical and mental health outcomes among women, including female sex workers FSWs , such as suboptimal HIV treatment effectiveness Bacchus et al. Less empirical research, policy, and programming has been dedicated to preventing violence against FSWsβwomen who exchange sexual acts for money or goodsβthan to violence against women generally, in part a reflection of their historical exclusion from global organizing around violence against women Cabezas, Over the past decade, international agendas on violence prevention and research on violence risk factors have increasingly included FSWs Argento et al.
However, research on risk factors for intimate partner violence IPV βviolence perpetrated against FSWs by their intimate partners, that is, boyfriends, husbands, and casual sex partners who do not pay for sex actsβremains limited Argento et al. Studies have found that correlates of violence against FSWs differ by perpetrator, for example, clients and intimate partners Decker et al. This suggests that intimate partner-perpetrated violence, IPV, has a unique web of causal factors to be understood.
However, studies of risk factors for violence against FSWs frequently do not specify or disaggregate results by perpetrator e. Among etiological studies of violence against FSWs that do specify perpetrator, the majority examines violence perpetrated by clients, police, or others related to their work Argento et al.
