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Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting RDIF on cognitive performance, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and insomnia in physically active and sedentary elderly individuals.
Methods: A total of 58 participants Participants were assessed 2 weeks before Ramadan and during the fourth week of Ramadan. On each occasion, participants completed a digital assessment of their cognitive performance and responded to the Pittsburgh sleep quality index PSQI , the insomnia severity index ISI and the Epworth sleepiness scale ESS questionnaires to assess sleep parameters.
Conclusion: Older adults who continue to train at least three times per week during Ramadan may improve their cognitive performance, despite the impairment of sleep quality. Future studies in older adults during Ramadan including objective measures of sleep e. The incidence and severity of brain disease is steadily rising over the past decades and one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide 1 , 2.
Age-related cognitive decline is inextricably linked to the highly complicated biological process of brain aging 3 , which is the primary risk factor for neurodegeneration 4. This brain health deterioration is characterized by neural loss, reduced neurogenesis, and limited neuronal plasticity 5 , which are associated with subsequent declines in memory, executive function, attentional abilities, and processing speed 6 , 7.
Additionally, physiological alterations due to the aging process contribute to disturbances in the circadian rhythms i. As such, intermittent fasting which involves abstaining from meals or severely restricting caloric intake for durations ranging from 12 to 48 h, has demonstrated potential effects on brain health through the enhanced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF , enhancing knowledge acquisition and retention, stimulating neurogenesis, and consequently, improving cognitive function 15 β Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting RDIF is considered a unique model of intermittent fasting i.