Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Background: The most important causative agent of neoplasms in the anogenital area is the human papillomavirus HPV.
Due to the anatomical proximity of the genital and anus area and the ease with which HPV infection is transmitted, it seems that patients after the treatment of HPV-related gynecological diseases may have an increased risk of developing a second HPV-related neoplasm anal cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of anal intraepithelial neoplasia AIN and anal cancer AC among patients after the treatment of HPV-related gynecological diseases. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of the available literature from multiple databases.
Results: Twenty-five studies were included in the final analysis. Conclusions: patients with HPV-related gynecological diseases should constitute a group for which an appropriate primary and secondary screening for AC should be introduced. Keywords: HPV, human papillomavirus, anal intraepithelial neoplasia, anal cancer, gynecology, cervix, vulva, vagina, intraepithelial neoplasia, cancer. In , there were 50, cases of anal cancer diagnosed worldwide.
The cumulative incidence risk of this neoplasm is 0. HIV-positive homosexual men are the group with the highest risk of developing anal cancer the incidence rate is 77— per , [ 2 , 3 ]. However, with regard to women, HIV infection is present in a relatively small percentage of AC patients.
It has been investigated that HPV has the greatest affinity for zones where the epithelium of one type merges into another of a different histological feature, i. Afterward, E6 and E7 proteins are produced, which initiate inter alia the degradation of p53 and Rb proteins. Finally, the processes characteristic of carcinogenesis are stimulated [ 8 ]. Another histologically similar region in the human body is the anal canal, where there is a transformation zone between the glandular and squamous epithelium at the level of the dentate line.
