To browse Academia. It emphasizes the need for continued research and cooperation at international levels to address high-risk technological barriers and ensure the safe deployment of hydrogen technologies. Various applications of hydrogen fuel cells are highlighted, along with safety challenges that arise from new developments in this field.
The possibility of a future economy based on H2 and fuel cells is both promising and uncertain. Efforts are focused in both cases primarily on applied research, development and demonstration. The case for hydrogen Hydrogen H2 is, among other things, an energy carrier very abundant in nature in combination with other chemical elements. Molecular hydrogen H2 can be synthesized by energy intensive processes. H2 must then be stored, distributed and finally utilised for energy generation.
Internal combustion engines ICE , in the form of reciproca Hydrogen technologies have experienced cycles of excessive expectations followed by disillusion. Nonetheless, a growing body of evidence suggests these technologies form an attractive option for the deep decarbonisation of global energy systems, and that recent improvements in their cost and performance point towards economic viability as well.
This paper is a comprehensive review of the potential role that hydrogen could play in the provision of electricity, heat, industry, transport and energy storage in a low-carbon energy system, and an assessment of the status of hydrogen in being able to fulfil that potential. The picture that emerges is one of qualified promise: hydrogen is well established in certain niches such as forklift trucks, while mainstream applications are now forthcoming.
Hydrogen vehicles are available commercially in several countries, and fuel cell home heating systems have been sold. This represents a step change from the situation of only five years ago.
