Posted February 3, Reviewed by Devon Frye. The problem of physical inactivity in industrialised countries is severe, complex, and highly resistant to intervention.
According to the World Health Organisation , it contributes to 1. While systemic barriers like accessibility and cultural norms play a role, research suggests that individual-level strategies—such as choosing enjoyable, low-intensity activities—can improve adherence.
Walking, the most popular physical activity among adults, is associated with increased self-reported energy and pleasure even at self-paced, moderate intensities. However, addressing barriers such as unsafe neighbourhoods or financial constraints requires systemic efforts to create safer, more accessible spaces for movement, in addition to personal strategies that enhance adherence. Research shows that music has real benefits for exercisers. Music shifts focus away from physical discomfort, making exercise feel easier at low-to-moderate intensities.
Recent research highlights that music used with exercise significantly improves focus and self-control , particularly at moderate intensities, by distracting from feelings of fatigue.
Music also boosts mood and reduces anxiety , turning a workout from a chore into an enjoyable experience. Self-selected music, in particular, has been shown to enhance pleasurable responses during exercise. A study found that individuals who exercised while listening to their preferred music worked at a higher intensity while still maintaining a 'good' feeling. Furthermore, they recalled their workout as significantly more pleasurable than those who exercised without music. This aspect of pleasure aligns with findings that self-paced walking increases feelings of energy and pleasure , suggesting that combining music with enjoyable physical activities can help people stick with exercise.
