The demyelinating form of Guillain-Barre syndrome destroys the protective covering of the peripheral nerves, known as the myelin sheath. This damage prevents the nerves from transmitting signals to the brain. It can cause weakness, numbness or paralysis. Weakness and tingling in the hands and feet are usually the first symptoms.
These sensations can quickly spread and may lead to paralysis. In its most serious form, Guillain-Barre syndrome is a medical emergency. Most people with the condition need treatment in a hospital. Guillain-Barre syndrome is rare, and the exact cause is not known.
But two-thirds of people have symptoms of an infection in the six weeks before Guillain-Barre symptoms begin. Guillain-Barre also can be caused by the Zika virus.
There's no known cure for Guillain-Barre syndrome. Several treatment options can ease symptoms and help speed recovery. Most people recover completely from Guillain-Barre syndrome, but some serious illnesses can be fatal. While recovery may take up to several years, most people are able to walk again six months after symptoms first began. Some people may have lasting effects, such as weakness, numbness or fatigue. Guillain-Barre syndrome often begins with tingling and weakness starting in the feet and legs and spreading to the upper body and arms.
Some people notice the first symptoms in the arms or face. As Guillain-Barre syndrome progresses, muscle weakness can turn into paralysis. People with Guillain-Barre syndrome usually experience their most significant weakness within two weeks after symptoms begin. The symptoms of Guillain-Barre syndrome can vary based on the type. Guillain-Barre syndrome has several forms.
