Dar es Salaam, a major urban center in early 21st-century East Africa, was founded in as a mainland outpost of the sultanate in Zanzibar. From its very beginnings, the town was a cosmopolitan, polyglot, and multiethnic space.
Following colonial conquest, the Germans used Dar es Salaam as their capital of German East Africa from onward, as did the British administration of Tanganyika, as the territory was renamed after the transfer of power following World War I, until independence in Since the late colonial period, social and political dynamics in Dar es Salaamβsuch as the growth of nationalismβhave had repercussions in all of Tanzania.
In the s and s, the city became a transnational revolutionary hub at the crossroads of Pan-Africanism, anticolonial currents, and Cold War rivalries. At the same time, at the national level, the government tried to peripheralize Dar es Salaam and announced the relocation of the capital to Dodoma in With a population that grew from 22, in to 5.
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