MRI methods capable of evaluating tissue changes in response to lymphatic dysfunction have not been incorporated into lymphedema diagnosis and management owing to limited clinical evaluation of these technologies. We performed quantitative relaxometry in the skin and deep tissue of patients with lymphedema and matched controls, in sequence with standard biophysical bedside measures used for lymphedema assessment.
In both deep tissue and skin, T2 was elevated in patients relative to control volunteers, consistent with edema, and relaxometry values were more discriminatory for category i. Incidence of unilateral arm lymphoedema after breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lancet Oncol ; Dissected sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer patients: characterization with high-spatial-resolution 7-T MR imaging.
Radiology ; Characterization of ex vivo healthy human axillary lymph nodes with high resolution 7 Tesla MRI. Eur Radiol ; Clinical feasibility of noninvasive visualization of lymphatic flow with principles of spin labeling MR imaging: implications for lymphedema assessment.
Assessment of lymphatic impairment and interstitial protein accumulation in patients with breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema using CEST MRI. Magn Reson Med Santyr GE. MR imaging of the breast. Imaging and tissue characterization without intravenous contrast. Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America ; Mayrovitz HN.
